A reporter recently commenting on the gay animal exhibit in Norway posed a couple of interesting questions. "How can we know that an animal is homosexual?" "How can homosexual behavior be consistent with what we have learned about evolution and Darwinism?"
Perhaps the troubling answer to the first question is that there is no such thing as a homosexual animal, human or otherwise. And the answer to the second question is found in the fact that Darwin himself was limited by Victorian mores and had a culturally-limited view of sexual behavior beyond the function of procreation. 
Personally, I think both questions become irrelevant if you approach them from a very different direction: pure science. As science advances, it often finds that it has made mistakes and miscategorized and mislabeled behaviors, patterns and phenomena. Sometimes these mistakes are a result of incomplete knowledge; other times they are a result of prejudice and cultural bias.
Pity poor Pluto.
Science has often been shaped over the centuries to conform with religious, political and social beliefs. It obviously still happens today.
But supposing we cast aside the sexual categories imposed by religion and consider that sex is a biological phenomenon that serves a number of purposes. After all, Mother Nature has shown herself many times to be quite efficient and frugal; the original multi-tasker. The more complex an organism the more true that seems to be.
Consider the human mouth. An amazing orifice that delivers an alternative breathing system, communication, various forms of pleasure, defensive and offensive mechanisms and fuel.
Consider sex. An amazing phenomenon that delivers stress relief, emotional gratification, an extraordinary and complex range of social bonding, procreation, communication and defensive and offensive mechanisms.
Has science made a profound mistake by allowing religion and prejudice to organize human sexuality according to categories based on non-scientific methods?
Perhaps there is no such thing as a homosexual. Perhaps humans are complex and highly advanced sexual beings who engage in many forms of sexual expression serving many species needs and purposes.
Perhaps human sexuality needs to be much more rigorously examined by science with the understanding that homosexuals don't exist but rather homosexual activity in its many variations is just one subset of many variations and degrees of human sexual activity that serve dozens if not hundreds of purposes.
It is that diversity of interaction and intimacy that we observe among thousands of animal species. And when we, or a museum in Norway, insists on categorizing these animals and calling some of them gay or bi-sexual, are we not guilty of religion-based anthropomorphism?
Perhaps we are wrong to define animals, including humans by gay and straight but rather we should be examining the rich diversity of sexual behaviors in terms of the role each behavior plays in social bonding and the preservation, success and unity of the species.
To narrow the role of sex to procreation is as foolish as narrowing the role of the mouth to eating: both important functions but not the only ones.
Defining human sexuality according to religious texts and Victorian mores is analogous to explaining the history of this planet through the eyes of a creationist.
Network: 
























Comments:
(5)Add a comment
Wednesday 28 February
By Adrian
Richard,
Glad to see you landing here, as I always enjoyed "Proceed at Your Own Risk." Joan Roughgarden (transgender evolutionary biologist at Stanford) makes a very similar argument to what you suggest in this post in her book "Evolutions Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People" (University of California Press, 2004). She offers an alternative to (or, perhaps more accurately, an expansion of) Darwinian models that considers sexual activity to be multi-purpose. I highly recommend this book to you and all of your readers!
Reply
Thursday 01 March
By CPT_Doom
It wasn't just Victorian mores and taboos that limited Darwin's thinking (and that of other early evolutionary theorists), but also the simple fact that they were at the beginning of a revolution in biology. Newton certainly didn't understand or correctly predict all of physics, either, but that does not mean that he was a bad theorist or scientist.
If you think about the simple mechanims of Darwinian evolution - basically an individual striving to survive and pass on its genes - it cannot account for bees and ants, where only one member of a colony reproduces, in addition to many other different animal behaviors out there. That is why evolutionary biologists have expanded and improved the theory over time, with new evidence and findigns in the fields of archeology, paleontology and biology.
However, I do have a problem with the idea of simply categoring sexuality as a behavior that varies across the human species. Although I have no doubt that there are many more bisexually-inclined humans out there than actually act on it, I think we also know that there are humans who are exclusively attracted to only one species (I have often said on the Kinsey scale of 1 - 6, I'm a 7).
I would also separate the ability to enjoy pleasure from many different forms of sex, which I think is pretty common, and the ability to use sex to bond with someone to whom one is attracted on more than a physical level - emotionally and romantically to be specific. The ability to form long-lasting pair bonds with either sex, I would think is very rare.
Reply
Thursday 01 March
By GayCanuckintheCapital
As a geneticist I have always struggled with the evolutionary reasoning behind homosexuality (the Darwinian paradox of homosexuality http://gaycanuckinthecapital.blogspot.com/2007/01/darwinian-paradox-of-homosexuality.html). I won't go into it here, but there are ideas about why an individual that has a decreased reproduction rate might pass on their genes.
Reply
Thursday 01 March
By bEx_x3d
Individuals do not evolve, we as populations do. Frequency of certain genes and families of genes change over time. It has been hypothesized that it may be beneficial to a population to have certain segments of the population who aren't having children. These individuals have more energy and free time to contribute to the entire population/community.
so if the human animal can be labeled as homosexual, why can't we label other animals as such...this isn't a purely rhetorical question, is there a cut off according to sophistication of conciousness? Also, something occuring in nature proves neither whether something is ethical or inethical. All it proves is that it is (albeit, research my help debunk popular christian revivalist myths, held by some segments of the religious community).
Related note, lesbian women have been shown to respond to female pheromones.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/05/060508_lesbian.html
Reply
Friday 02 March
By Brian
Hi Richard,
Very insightful column, as always.
I'm so glad that you're back on line
and thanks for the pointer to your
new location. I also read your column
about non-conformity and I can't wait
to read the 10 reasons to become an
evangelical. I assume the first is so
that I can go to be with good looking
call boys.
Thanks,
Brian
Reply